在雅思寫作中要學會運用正確的語言，而不是一個詞重復好幾遍。在寫雅思作文的時候，有些烤鴨會感覺，明明有很好的想法，卻不知道如何去表述。

  Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.我們先來看看在解釋復雜觀點的時候可以用到的英文說法。

  1. In order to用法→ “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument.

  例子→ “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

  為了理解X，我們要先知道Y是什么。

  2. In other words用法→ Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point.

  例子→“Frogs are amphibians. In other words,they live on the land and in the water.”

  青蛙是兩棲動物。換句話說，他們既生活在陸地上，也可以生活在水中。

  3. To put it another way用法→ This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance.

  例子→ “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.” 植物依靠光合作用。換句話說，沒有陽光它們就活不下去。

  4. That is to say用法→“That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise.

  例子→“Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

  鯨魚是哺乳類動物。也就是說，他們必須呼吸空氣。

  5. To that end用法→Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”.

  例子→“Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”

  動物學家們需要長期的探索去了解動物互相之間是如何交流的。為了達到這個目的，一個關于大象聲音以及它們可能代表含義的研究已經發布了。

  Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.進一步解釋一個觀點或者是提出一個論點的時候，不要只知道用"and"，下面的這些表達都是高分表達噢。

  6. Moreover用法→ Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making.

  例子→ “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”

  此外，最新一個研究報告結果提供了...強有力的證據支持。

  7. Furthermore用法→This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information.

  例子→ “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

  此外，有證據顯示......

  8. What’s more用法→ This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”.

  例子→ “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

  另外，對于這個假設這不是唯一的證據。

  9. Likewise用法→ Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned.

  例子→ “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”

  學者A認為X是對的。同樣地，學者B也很有說服力地贊成此觀點。

  10. Similarly用法→ Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”.

  例子→ “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”

  那時候觀眾對于貝多芬的新作品表示很震驚，因為這和之前的作品很不一樣。同樣地，我們在接受不熟悉事物的時候，經常會表現出驚訝。

  11. Another key thing to remember用法→ Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”.

  例子→ “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

  作為一個浪漫主義者，布萊克推崇人與自然有很緊密的聯系。另一個關鍵的點需要去注意的是，布萊克創作于工業革命時期，這對他周圍的環境有很大的影響。

  12. As well as用法→ Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”.

  例子→ “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

  學者A提出這個是因為X，還有Y。

  13. Coupled with

  用法→ Used when considering two or more arguments at a time.

  例子→ “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

  加上這些文學證據，這些數據表明了一個令人信服的觀點。

  14. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…用法→ This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other.

  例子→ “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.

  有很多論據支持這個觀點。首先，X。第二，Y。第三，Z。

  15. Not to mention/to say nothing of用法→ “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis.

  例子→ “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

  這場戰爭造成了對成千上萬人前所未有的痛苦，更不用說它對國家經濟造成的影響。

  When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.在做對比論證的時候，除了however，還可以用下面這些詞!

  16. On the other hand用法→ Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion.

  例子→ “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”

  這個歷史性的證據明顯表明了一個清晰的情況。另一方面，考古學上的證據并沒有很直接地呈現出那天發生了什么。

  17. By contrast/in comparison

  用法→ Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence.

  例子→ “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

  學者A的觀點，其實是基于不充足的證據上提出的。相反，學者B的觀點看起來更加有道理。

  18. Then again用法→ Use this to cast doubt on an assertion.

  例子→ “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”

  作家A堅稱這是造成為什么會發生這個情況的原因。不過話又說回來，他可能是被強迫這么說的。

  19. That said用法→ This is used in the same way as “then again”.

  例子→ “The evidence appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable.”

  證據似乎指向了這一結論。即便如此，其中的很多證據也是不可靠的。

  20. Yet用法→ Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea.

  例子→ “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect.”

  很多學術研究都把重點放在了這個論據上面。但是不是所有人都同意這是最重要的。