SSAT考試分對(duì)于中國的13-14歲的學(xué)生來說，閱讀部分是最難的，其中，閱讀文章的修辭手法(Rhetorical Devices)對(duì)中國的，甚至是美國的學(xué)生來說，都是比較難的部分。所以，今天小編要通過對(duì)一部分修辭手法和重要概念的講解，來給大家解析SSAT。除了了解這些重要概念，對(duì)于想提高成績的學(xué)生來說，反復(fù)練習(xí)，進(jìn)而掌握這些概念也是至關(guān)重要的。

  修辭方法

  Rhetorical Devices

  Personification(擬人)：the representation of a thing or a quality as a person, inliterature or art.

  擬人是把非人的事物當(dāng)作人來描繪。擬人是把本來只適用于人的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞或者代詞用來描述大自然其他有生命的或者無生命的東西，使其具有人的思想、活動(dòng)或其他特征。

  舉例：

  The wave is kissing the shore near the cliff.

  浪花正吻著懸崖邊的海岸。

  Metaphor(暗喻): a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to the thing.

  在暗喻的修辭當(dāng)中，我們不說“某物像某物”，而直接說“某物是某物”：

  舉例：

  Greece was the cradle of western culture. 希臘曾經(jīng)是西方文明的搖籃。

  A house divided against itself can not stand. 一座房子被分割后便無法立得穩(wěn)。(這句話是美國總統(tǒng)林肯為陳述南北分裂的害處而做的比喻。)

  Simile(明喻): an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words “as ” or “l(fā)ike”, for example “as white as snow”

  明喻常用的比喻詞有：like, as…as, as if, similar to 等等。

  舉例：

  He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

  他就像是一只驕傲自負(fù)的攻擊， 以為太陽升起來是為了聽他啼鳴。

  Habit may be likened to a cable; every day we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it.

  可把習(xí)慣比作為一根纜繩，每天我們編入細(xì)細(xì)的一股，然后很快我們就扯不斷這根繩子了。

  Diction (措辭): the choice and use of words and phrases to express meaning,especially in literature.

  重要概念

  Important definitions

  Imagery (比喻): the use of words or pictures to describe ideas or actions in poems, books, films etc. (詩歌、書籍、電影等中的意向，形象化描述)

  Comparison(比較)：the process of comparing two or more people or things

  Contrast(對(duì)比): a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc thatare being compared.

  (there are words which can show contrast in the passage: but, however etc. )

  stanza (詩的節(jié)，段)：agroup of lines in a repeated pattern forming part of a poem;

  a stanza is a subdivision or section of a poem, and a poem’s stanzas generally share the same line length, rhyme scheme and poetic metre.Pauses between stanzas are marked by a space line on the printed page.

  In SSAT reading part, passages require more than technical proficiency in English to understand. They require the student to be attuned tothe rhetorical and emotional nuances in writing. Authors use well-known and well-defined techniques called rhetorical devices to engage the reader’s emotions and thus his interest. With this in mind let’s look at the first passage, a poetry, and analyze it.

  在SSAT閱讀部分， 閱讀材料需要(學(xué)生)不僅僅擁有理解英語理解的熟練技巧，也要求學(xué)生對(duì)于寫作方面修辭和情緒方面的細(xì)微差別有熟練的掌握。作者使用眾所周知，且明確的技巧，也就是修辭方法來吸引讀者。

  Please, look for rhetorical devices and definitions mentioned above and try to figure them out.

  請(qǐng)尋找下面文章中的修辭方法和概念，并做題。

  passage 1

  He That Loves a Rosy Cheek

  by Thomas Carew

  He that loves a rosy cheek

  Or a coral lip admires,

  Or from starlike eyes doth seek

  Fuel to maintain his fires;

  As old Time makes these decay,

  So his flames must waste away.

  But a smooth and steadfast mind,

  Gentle thoughts, and calm desires,

  Hearts with equal love combined,

  Kindle never-dying fires;

  Where these arenot, I despise

  Lovely cheeks or lips or eyes.

  QUESTIONS：

  1. Which of the following best summarizes themain idea of this poem?

  A. If you get to know them, you will often find that beautiful people have unpleasant personalities.

  B. People who have a calm and gentle disposition are usually physically beautiful.

  C. Physical beauty is temporary, but inner qualities can be more permanently attractive.

  D. It’s better to dislike beautiful people until they prove that they also have pleasant personalities.

  E. If you are beautiful on the inside then your physical beauty will also last longer.

  2. When the speaker refers to “old Time” in lines 5-6 he is

  A. talking about the past

  B. having a conversation with time

  C. referring to the specific time in a person’s life when they are old

  D. talking about old-fashioned things

  E. suggesting that time is an old, powerful entity

  3. When the speaker discusses “never-dying fires” (line 10) he is most likely referring to

  A. long-lasting love

  B. love that diminishes quickly

  C. physical beauty

  D. anger andhatred

  E. lips and cheeks

  4. When thespeaker states that “flames must waste away” (line 6) he most nearly means that

  A. in time, even the subject of the poem will die

  B. love always fades when people get older

  C. it is impossible to maintain a fire without logs for kindling

  D. if love is based on physical beauty it will diminish when beauty fades

  E. some people will never be satisfied for very long

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