今天新航道上海學(xué)校小編繼續(xù)分享關(guān)于GRE寫作Argument部分精選真題范文權(quán)威解析(十七)，希望對(duì)各位備考的考生們有所幫助。

  這一講，我們看【它因】問題。

  【它因】問題：

  1. 關(guān)鍵詞：可能沒有固定關(guān)鍵詞，注意辨別因果關(guān)系即可。

  2. 邏輯：通常說來，作者先陳述某個(gè)行為、措施、事件、事物特點(diǎn)等作為A，然后陳述一個(gè)結(jié)果性的B，或者先陳述了一個(gè)結(jié)果性的B，然后補(bǔ)充說明了在此之前發(fā)生的A或存在A。總之，作者認(rèn)為是B的A原因。

  3. 診斷：A可能不是B的唯一原因，甚至根本就不是原因，因?yàn)锽的原因可能有眾多。

  4. 結(jié)果：作者建立的因果關(guān)系中，原因部分存在它因，因果關(guān)系不一定成立。

  我們以下面的這篇passage為例，尤其關(guān)注高亮的那句話：

  "A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, there is clearly a call for the government to strive to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents by launching an education program that concentrates on the factors other than helmet use that are necessary for bicycle safety."

  很顯然，作者把【事故數(shù)量增長的原因】歸結(jié)為【騎行者帶了頭盔就會(huì)自認(rèn)安全從而胡來】。

  基于我們上面梳理出的【它因】問題的模型，我們就會(huì)去分析【事故數(shù)量增長的其它原因】。

  具體怎么說(怎么寫作)呢?老師的示范如下：

  There may be a number of contributors, other than the purported contributor by the author, to the increased number of accidents. For example, there may be an increased volume of traffic or complicated traffic condition that renders bicycling less safe and more prone to accidents.

  我們?cè)倏戳硪黄猵assage，通過黃色高亮的那句話找出【它因】問題：

  "To reverse a decline in listener numbers, our owners have decided that WWAC must change from its current rock-music format. The decline has occurred despite population growth in our listening area, but that growth has resulted mainly from people moving here after their retirement. We must make listeners of these new residents. We could switch to a music format tailored to their tastes, but a continuing decline in local sales of recorded music suggests limited interest in music. Instead, we should change to a news and talk format, a form of radio that is increasingly popular in our area."

  作者把【聽眾人數(shù)的下降】歸結(jié)為【rock-music不再受歡迎】。

  基于我們上面梳理出的【它因】問題的模型，我們就會(huì)去分析【聽眾人數(shù)的下降的其它原因】。

  如何針對(duì)這個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析性寫作?老師的示范如下：

  Additional evidence is needed so as to attribute the decline in the listenership to the rock music format. Since the causation is unevidenced in the passage and may be circumstantial, there may be other causes for the decline, such as WWAC’s poor choice of specific rock musicians or specific work, or the radio station’s unpopular host. In other words, to make the proposed change legitimate, the author should have provided evidence to rule out those other reasons and thus make the rock format itself the exclusive reason.

  至此，我們可以簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)一下針對(duì)【它因】的分析：寫作時(shí)，思路和措辭的核心在于描述因果關(guān)系，尤其是著重“其它”和“原因”，比如第一個(gè)示范段落里的“other than”和“contributors”，以及第二個(gè)示范段落里的“other”和“causes”。

  大家還需要更多的例子去學(xué)習(xí)【它因】問題的分析方法、寫作結(jié)構(gòu)、措辭技巧。

  我們?cè)谶@一輪逐個(gè)掃描“十大常見邏輯漏洞”之后再更進(jìn)一步、逐個(gè)透析。

  下一講move on到【范疇】問題，值得期待。

請(qǐng)加sunny老師（微信號(hào)：shnc_2018）

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