當我們對一個東西、一件事說不通的時候，就會通過“打個比方”、“比如說”之類的，其實在寫文章以及演講的過程中這也是考生慣用的手法。如果比方打得好，可以瞬間讓考官抓到你的點，這比說上一大堆，寫上一籮筐的話要管用省事得多，今天新航道SAT寫作小編帶大家就一起來看看 analogy(打比方)在議論文中是如何發揮它的說服作用的。

  什么是打比方(analogy)?

  the process of comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it

  在SAT寫作 中，打比方就是指將兩個有類似特征的事物加以比較，以更好地去解釋其中的某個事物。

  比如說：

  “Life is like a race. The one who keeps running wins the race and the one who stops to catch a breath loses.”

  人生本來是個比較抽象的事物，通過將人生比喻成一場賽跑，讀者更能從競爭的角度去理解人生，即“跑者贏，停者敗”。

  打比方常見的修辭效果是什么?

  1) 便于讀者理解作者的觀點

  It is easier for readers to comprehend a new idea

  2) 有趣的比方還能夠增強讀者的閱讀興趣

  Analogies help increase readers’ interest

  3) 增強視覺化效果

  …adds visual intensity to…

  常用句型如下：

  What the author does?

  ● He/she creates an analogy that likens the …to …

  ● He/she rounds off his/her argument with an emotive comparison of …to…

  ● The author compares …to …

  Why he or she does it?

  ● …to/illustrate/emphasize

  ● …adds visual intensity to…

  What effect this is likely to have on readers?

  ● The reader will undoubtedly realize the necessity to…

  ● …nourishing a yearning for …

  ● This helps the reader understand the complexities of…

  如何用3W原則

  對analogy展開深度分析?

  如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的analogy呢，我們一起看個例子吧~

  An iPod, when used during tests, is nothing more than a machine that stores and spits out data. By banning iPods and other gadgets, we’re teaching kids to actually become iPods — to become machines that store and spit out data. Instead, we should be teaching them to use iPods — to use that data and to be human beings who can think — and leave data storage to the machines.. (原文選自 Are iPod-banning schools cheating our kids?)

  分 析

  He interprets iPods are to the students cheating the test as computers are to professionals working in the office. Most readers would agree that we all use computers to store data and retrieve them later when we need them. Students are doing exactly the same thing. This analogy helps to dismiss the “cheating” charge against the iPod-using students. In this way, Elgan successfully puts the opponent in a very disadvantageous position(范文摘自《新SAT寫作高分突破》中國出版集團中譯出版社)

  原文如何體現3W原則

  首先范文準確的描述了原文作者寫了什么?(He interprets iPods are to the students cheating the test as computers are to professionals)，即原文作者將iPod對學生的作用就好比是電腦對專業人士的作用。

  緊接著，分析了作者為什么要使用這一寫作手法(This analogy helps to…)，這一比方能夠讓人們對于將使用iPod和作弊等同起來的觀點不攻自破。

  最后分析了這一手法的修辭效果(Elgan successfully puts the opponent )即讓反對使用iPod的人處于不利地位。

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