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  作文機經

  Issue

  Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.

  Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

  題目解析

  題干提出觀點：政府應集中解決眼前的麻煩而不是試圖解決未來可能會遇到的問題。要求對此觀點表明你的觀點，是同意還是反對到何種程度，并需要解釋原因。

  寫文章時，先清楚闡述急需解決的問題和未來可能出現的問題之間的關系，且一定要從政府這一角度入手，論證為什么你認為要先解決當前問題或者為什么要解決未來的問題等。

  寫作思路

  1.政府急需解決的問題有：貧富差距懸殊，環境污染，失業率增長，就業率過低，義務教育得不到落實等等，這些都是從人民生活實際出發，只有解決了這些，才能使得社會穩定，打好根基等。

  2.未來可能會出現的問題可能是短期內無法準確預知的，雖然提前解決是未雨綢繆，但肯定還是先分清輕重緩急，并沒有解決眼前的問題來的急迫和緊要。

  3. 從政府職能出發：先保障人民生活和基本權益，才能更好發展其它方面，比如高科技，軍事等領域。如果不及時解決 immediate problems of today，可能會引發更多的anticipated problems of the future，會導致惡性循環，這也不是所有人愿意看到的。

  Argument

  The following appeared in a health magazine published in Corpora.

  "Medical experts say that only one-quarter of Corpora's citizens meet the current standards for adequate physical fitness,even though twenty years ago,one-half of all of Corpora's citizens met the standards as then defined.But these experts are mistaken when they suggest that spending too much time using computers has caused a decline in fitness.Since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest,it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit.Instead,as shown by this year's unusually low expenditures on fitness-related products and services,the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause,and fitness levels will improve when the economy does."

  Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

  題目解析

  Statement 翻譯：按照20年前對完全健康的定義當時Corpora一半的居民是完全健康的。今天，醫學專家指出全市只有四分之一的市民達到完全健康水平，并指出長時間的使用電腦導致健康狀況下降。 但是由于在Corpora電腦擁有量最高的地區居民的總體健康水平卻是最高的，顯然使用電腦并沒有導致市民體質的下降。相反，今年用于健身產品和服務的花費低的異乎尋常，這表明最近經濟的衰退是最可能的原因，當經濟復蘇了健康水平也會隨之提高。

  參考提綱

  1.作者沒有提供信息說明使用電腦并不是導致身體衰退的主要原因。

  2.作者沒有足夠的信息說明是經濟衰退導致健身產品和服務消費下降，并最終導致人們身體素質下降。

  3.其他因素：作者沒有提供對健康標準的定義，可能是標準提高了;沒有提供其他可能導致身體水平下降的原因，也可能是統飲食習慣導致的等。

  填空等價機經

  1. The cognitive flexibility of successful fictional detectives is often_____by their cultural ambivalence: detectives' intellectual acumen,it seems,exists indirect proportion to their uneasy place in society.

  A. spurned

  B. spaded

  C. spurred

  D. matched

  E. emaciated

  答案：C

  解析：這道題的意思是說成功的偵探非常靈活，這是他們的文化矛盾所_____：他們的社會地位越是動蕩，他們就越發敏銳。(a)唾棄(b)鏟除(c)激勵(d)匹配(e)消瘦。我們通過后半句可以知道，是社會地位的動蕩使得偵探日益敏銳和靈活，對應選項 C 中：spurred。

  2. Professor Ramfield describes in his recent book publishing as dark as it is deep,even as one hidebound industry,indeed, it is facing a profound change in its product model,but is so (i)_____ its past as to be (ii)_____ opportunities offered by technological change.

  Blank (i) Blank (ii)

  A. indebted in D. unable to seize

  B. encumbered by E. capable of seeking

  C. irrelevant with F. definite to circumvent

  答案：BD

  解析：這道題是說Ramfield教授在書里描述說，呆板的產業正在面臨產品模型的巨大改變，但是它們太過(i)_____過去，以至于(ii)_____科技改變帶來的機會。

  空白(i) 空白(ii)

  A 負債的 D.不能抓住

  B.被阻礙 E.可以尋找

  C.無關 F.明確避免

  可以看出 i 為 B，ii 為 D，答案符合邏輯。

  3. People accustomed to thinking that the human lifespan (i) _____ the outer bounds of animal longevity tend to dismiss tales of musket balls being found in the shells of living turtles.Samantha Romney,however,argues that while such stories may be (ii) _____ ,some turtles do indeed exhibit a phenomenon known as“negligible (iii) _____ ,”showing no signs of aging even as they pass the two-century mark.

  Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

  A. belies D. apocryphal G. rejuvenation

  B. demarcates E. authentic H. superannuation

  C. antedates F. heresy I. senescence

  答案：CDI

  解析：這道題是說有些人認為人類壽命(i)_____動物壽命的極限，通常不會理會烏龜殼上發現子彈的故事。然而 Samantha Romney 認為，這些故事可能(ii)_____，但是一些烏龜確實呈現了一種現象叫做“可以忽略的(iii)_____”，即使經過兩個世紀也沒有變老的跡象。

  A.掩飾 D.虛構的但卻能說明真相的 G.返老回童

  B.劃定 E.真實的 H.退休

  C.先于 F.異端邪說 I.衰老

  可以看出 i 為C，ii 為D，iii 為I，答案符合邏輯。

  4. To any observer, ancient or_____, the night sky appears as a hemisphere resting on the horizon.

  A. antiquated

  B. perceptive

  C. modern

  D. astute

  E. contemporary

  F. archaic

  答案：CE

  解析：

  這道題是說對于古代_____的任何觀察者來說，夜空就像是地平線上的一半地球。

  A.過時的 B.知覺的 C.現代的 D.機敏的 E.同時代的 F.古代的 這里的“任何”說明要包括古代和現代，所以選擇 C.E.

  5. Anthropologists contend that the ancient Mesopotamians switched from grain production to barley after excessive irrigation and salt accumulation made the soil _____ grains.

  A. in different to

  B. in hospitable to

  C. unsuitable for

  D. acrimonious to

  E. benignant to

  F. inured to

  答案：BC

  解析：

  A.B.C.D.E.F.土壤是沒有情感的，排除 A.D.E.這里是說土壤不合適谷物生長，所以選擇 B.C.

  6. Researchers interested in the nature versus nurture debate use identical twins who were separated at birth to explore which personality characteristics are _____ and which arise through experience.

  A. intractable

  B. nascent

  C. erudite

  D. innate

  E. predilection

  F. inborn

  答案：DF

  解析：

  這道題是說研究人員會研究從出生就分開的雙胞胎，看看那些性格特點是_____，那些性格特征是后天的。

  A.棘手的 B.新生的 C.博學的 D.與生俱來的 E.偏好 F.天生的

  這里要和“后天的”形成反義詞，所以選擇 D.F.

  數學機經

  1. AB is the diameter of the circle. If AF=BF= 3√2，and AC=5, what is the area of square BCDE?

  答案：11

  解析：題干求正方形 BCDE 的面積，根據 AF=BF=3 ，三角形 ABF 為直角三角形，得出AB=6。根據 AC=5，三角形ABC為直角三角形，得出 BC2=AB2-AC2=62-52=11。正方形BCDE 的面積=BC2=11

  2. If the areas of the 4 squares are 50,32,18 and 12,what is the ratio of the small shaded portion to the area of the large shaded portion?(Note: Figure not drawn to scale)

  A. 1:8

  B. 1:6

  C. 1:4

  D. 1:3

  E. 1:1

  答案：D

  解析：題干問小的黑色陰影面積/大的黑色陰影面積等于多少。小的黑色陰影面積=18-12=6，大的黑色陰影面積=50-32=18，所以小的黑色陰影面積/大的黑色陰影面積=6/18=1:3 3. X = sum of the first 31 positive odd integers Y = sum of the first 30 positive even integers Column A：X - Y Column B：30 A. The quantity in Column A is greater B. The quantity in Column B is greater C. The two quantities are equal D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

  答案：B

  解析：已知公式，和=[(首項+末項)*項數]/2. 項數= [(末項-首項)/公差]+1

  X=1+3+5+7+…+31=(1+31)*16/2=256

  Y=2+4+6+8+…+30=(2+30)*15/2=240

  所以 X-Y=256-240=16. 比 30 小，所以選 B.

  4. In a group of 45 children, 60 percent of the children are boys, and 60 percent of the children are left-handed.

  Column A：Number of boys who are left-handed

  Column B：8

  A. The quantity in Column A is greater

  B. The quantity in Column B is greater

  C. The two quantities are equal

  D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

  答案：A

  解析：男孩的數量為 45*60%=27, 用左手的人所占的百分比為 60%, 所以用左手的男孩為27*60%=16.2. 而 B 是 8. 所以 A 更大，所以選 A.

  5. If a truck is traveling at a constant rate of 90kilometers per hour, how many seconds will it take the truck to travel a distance of 600 meters? (1 kilometer =1000 meters)

  A. 18

  B. 24

  C. 30

  D. 36

  E. 48

  答案：B

  解析：題干時速90公里的卡車需要多少秒通過600米的距離。首先換算時速90公里，90,000米/(60*60)秒=25 米/秒，所以時間=距離/速度=600/25=24 秒。

  閱讀邏輯機經

  短篇閱讀

  What little scholarship has existed on Ernest Hemingway--considering his stature—has focused on trying to unmask the man behind the bravura.Ultimately,most of these works have done little more than to show that Hemingway the myth and Hemingway the man were not too dissimilar (Hemingway lived to hunt big game so should we be surprised at his virility,not to mention that of many of the author's--chiefly male-protagonists).In the last few years,several biographies have reversed this trend,focusing on Hemingway near the end of his life: isolated and paranoid,the author imagined the government was chasing him (he was not completely wrong on this account).Ironically,the hunter had become the hunted,and in that sense,these latest biographers have provided—perhaps unwittingly—the most human portrait of the writer yet.

  1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the latest Hemingway biographies a departure from traditional biographies in that these latest biographies

  A. focus on a much overlooked aspect of the writer's body of work

  B. depict Hemingway in a manner that is at odds with the myth of Hemingway

  C. claim that Hemingway was similar to several of his chief protagonists in his books

  D. suggest that Hemingway lacked the virility many associated with him

  E. do not attempt to explore the link between Hemingway the man and Hemingway the myth

  答案：A

  解析：題干問作者認為最新的海明威傳記相對于傳統傳記的不同點。根據文章第三句話，我們知道，過去幾年里一些最新傳記反了傳統，開始專注海明威晚年生活。我們由此推出，最新傳記專注了傳統傳記忽視的地方，對應選項 A 中：focus…overlooked aspect…writer's…work.

  2. With which of the following would the author of the passage agree?

  A. The prevalence of scholarship on Hemingway is commensurate with his renown as a writer.

  B. The latest Hemingway biographies consciously intended to show Hemingway's vulnerabilities.

  C. Until recently, Hemingway biographies had shown a similar trend.

  答案：B

  解析：題干問文章作者會同意的事實是什么。根據文章第三句話，我們知道，在最新傳記中，海明威晚年生活孤獨多疑，政府也可能在追殺他。我們由此推出，最新海明威傳記表現了海明威的弱點，對應選項 B 中：…latest Hemingway biographies…show…vulnerabilities.

  長篇閱讀

  The work of English writer Aphra Behn (1640–1689) changed markedly during the 1680s,as she turned from writing plays to writing prose narratives.According to literary critic Rachel Carnell, most scholars view this change as primarily motivated by financial considerations:earning a living by writing for the theatre became more difficult in the 1680s,so Behn tried various other types of prose genres in the hope of finding another lucrative medium.In fact,a long epistolary scandal novel that she wrote in the mid-1680s sold quite well.Yet,as Carnell notes,Behn did not repeat this approach in her other prose works;instead,she turned to writing shorter,more serious novels,even though only about half of these were published during her lifetime.Carnell argues that Behn,whose stage productions are primarily comedies,may have turned to an emerging literary form,the novel,in a conscious attempt to criticize,and subvert for her own ends,the conventions and ideology of a well-established form of her day,the dramatic tragedy.

  Carnell acknowledges that Behn admired the skill of such contemporary writers of dramatic tragedy as John Dryden, and that Behn's own comic stage productions displayed the same partisanship for the reigning Stuart monarchy that characterized most of the politically oriented dramatic tragedies of her day.However,Carnell argues that Behn took issue with the way in which these writers and plays defined the nature of tragedy.As prescribed by Dryden,tragedy was supposed to concern a heroic man who is a public figure and who undergoes a fall that evokes pity from the audience. Carnell points out that Behn’s tragic novels focus instead on the plight of little-known women and the private world of the household;even in her few novels featuring male protagonists,Behn insists on the importance of the crimes these otherwise heroic figures commit in the domestic sphere.Moreover,according to Carnell,Behn questioned the view promulgated by monarchist dramatic tragedies such as Dryden's:that the envisioned“public” political ideal—passive obedience to the nation's king—ought to be mirrored in the private sphere,with family members wholly obedient to a male head of household.Carnell sees Behn's novels not only as rejecting the model of patriarchal and hierarchical family order,but also as warning that insisting on such a parallel can result in real tragedy befalling the members of the domestic sphere.

  According to Carnell, Behn's choice of literary form underscores the differences between her own approach to crafting a tragic story and that taken in the dramatic tragedies,with their artificial distinction between the public and private spheres. Behn's novels engage in the political dialogue of her era by demonstrating that he good of the nation ultimately encompasses more than the good of the public figures who rule it.

  1. The passage is primarily concerned with

  A. tracing how Behn’s view of the nature of tragedy changed over time

  B. explaining one author’s view of Behn’s contribution to the development of an emerging literary form

  C. differentiating between the early and the late literary works of Behn

  D. contrasting the approaches to tragedy taken by Behn and by Dryden

  E. presenting one scholar’s explanation for a major development in Behn's literary career

  答案：D

  解析：題干問文章主旨，文章介紹了文學評論家 Carnell 的觀點，他認為 Aphra Behn 放棄戲劇轉向小說的原因是要批判戲劇的本質，所以選擇 E：…scholar’s explanation…development…Behn’s…career.

  2. The passage suggests that Carnell sees Behn’s novels featuring male protagonists as differing from dramatic tragedies such as Dryden's featuring male protagonists in that the former

  A. depict these characters as less than heroic in their public actions

  B. emphasize the consequences of these characters’ actions in the private sphere

  C. insist on a parallel between the public and the private spheres

  D. are aimed at a predominantly female audience

  E. depict family members who disobey these protagonists

  答案：B

  解析：題干問的是描述男主人公，Behn 的小說不同于戲劇悲劇的地方在哪里，定位到文章第二段“even in her few novels…commit in the domestic sphere.”，這句話是說 Behn很少有關于男主人公的小說，即使有也就是在強調這些人在家庭里犯下的罪行，所以選擇B：…consequences…actions…private sphere.

  3. The passage suggests that Carnell believes Behn held which of the following attitudes about the relationship between the private and public spheres?

  A. The private sphere is more appropriate than is the public sphere as the setting for plays about political events.

  B. The structure of the private sphere should not replicate the hierarchical order of the public sphere.

  C. Actions in the private sphere are more fundamental to ensuring the good of the nation than are actions in the public sphere.

  D. Crimes committed in the private sphere are likely to cause tragedy in the public sphere rather than vice versa.

  E. The private sphere is the mirror in which issues affecting the public sphere can most clearly be seen.

  答案：B

  解析：題干問 Carnell 認為 Behn 對私人領域和公共領域的態度是什么，定位到文章第二段“Moreover, according to Carnell,…obedient to a male head of household”，這句話是說 Carnell 的觀點是，Behn 質疑所謂的家庭也要和公共領域一樣做到完全服從男性戶主，所以選擇 B：…private…not replicate…order…public sphere.

  4. It can be inferred from the passage that the “artificial distinction” refers to the

  A. practice utilized in dramatic tragedies of providing different structural models for the public and the private spheres

  B. ideology of many dramatic tragedies that advocate passive obedience only in the private sphere and not in the public sphere

  C. convention that drama ought to concern events in the public sphere and that novel ought to concern events in the private sphere

  D. assumption made by the authors of conventional dramatic tragedies that legitimate tragic action occurs only in the public sphere

  E. approach taken by the dramatic tragedies in depicting male and female characters differently, depending on whether their roles were public or private

  答案：C

  解析：題干問根據文章可以推測出“人為區分”是指什么，定位到文章第二段“According to Carnell, Behn's choice of literary form…between the public and private spheres.”，這句話是說 Behn 選擇小說是為了強調自己和戲劇悲劇作家的不同，區別在于小說是寫私人領域，而戲劇是寫公共領域，所以選擇 C： convention…drama…public…and novels…private…

  邏輯閱讀

  For more than fifty years,many evolutionary biologists posited that early fish such as Eusthenopteron developed limbs as a result of the need to drag themselves across short distances when their watery habitats dried up during periods of drought. However,new fossil evidence suggests that this hypothesis is incorrect.Fossilized remains of Acanthostega,a primitive fish, reveal that even though the animal had rudimentary limbs,it could not walk on land. Acanthostega lacked ankles,which means that its limbs couldn't support its weight; furthermore,its ribs were too short to prevent the organism’s chest cavity from collapsing once the animal left water.

  1. Which of the following would most strengthen the author's argument?

  A. The fossilized remains of the Acanthostega are the earliest known evidence of early fish.

  B. The modem descendants of Acanthostega are not able to drag themselves across short distances on land.

  C. Biologists have found that some aquatic species can successfully drag themselves across land even though these species do not possess ankles.

  D. Any animal with a collapsed chest cavity is not able to survive long enough to travel even a short distance across land.

  E. Some evolutionary biologists believe that the new fossils are not from Acanthostega.

  答案：D

  原文大意：許多生物學家假設很久以前的魚長出四肢是為了在陸地上移動很小的距離，但是作者認為最新化石表明即使有四肢也無法在陸地上移動，一是因為沒有腳踝不能支持身體重量，二是因為肋骨太短不能防止上岸后胸腔塌陷。

  解析：題干要求選出最可以支持作者結論的選項。我們可以發現作者的觀點和第二個原因之間有邏輯漏洞，那就是胸腔塌陷是否一定會無法在路上移動，選項 D 填補了這個邏輯漏洞

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